Battery management systems and material optimization for improved electric vehicle safety
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62051/dxt8jr96Keywords:
Lithium-ion battery; battery safety; thermal runaway.Abstract
Electric vehicles (EVs) are considered a key solution to reducing global carbon emissions and moving towards a more sustainable transportation future. Driven by government environmental policies and consumer acceptance, the EV market is rapidly expanding, and the safety of lithium-ion batteries has become a critical technical and public issue. Accidents related to thermal runaway, fire hazards, and potential explosions highlight the urgent need to strengthen battery safety mechanisms. These challenges stem from inherent material instabilities, operational stresses, and the limitations of existing monitoring and protection systems. Therefore, various innovative strategies are being developed to mitigate these risks. This article explores the root causes of battery failures, highlighting current challenges in battery reliability and safety margins and battery management systems (BMS). Furthermore, this article summarizes the current research status in ceramic separator design, electrolyte additives, and electrode material modifications to improve battery safety. These studies will help accelerate interdisciplinary research collaboration to improve the performance and safety of electric vehicles.
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