Synergistic Effects of Nature-based Solutions (NbS) in Watershed Pollution Control and Carbon Sequestration: An Engineering Review of Wetlands, Floodplain Restoration, and Ecological Revetments
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62051/h7edgd59Keywords:
Nature-based solutions; Watershed Management; Pollution Control; Carbon Sequestration; Ecological Restoration.Abstract
As global climate change and ecosystem degradation continue to accelerate, nature-based solutions (NbS) have emerged as an important and sustainable approach to improving the health and resilience of watersheds. NbS integrate ecological processes into environmental management, using natural systems such as wetlands, floodplains, and ecological revetments to achieve water purification, habitat restoration, and carbon sequestration. This review systematically analyzes the current progress and application of NbS in the control of watershed pollution and carbon management. It also deals with the synergistic mechanisms between hydrological regulation and biogeochemical cycling. By examining a wide range of research results, it points out how NbS can effectively reduce nutrient and sediment loads, enhance carbon storage through vegetation and soil processes, and contribute to alleviating climate change impacts. However, the practical implementation of NbS still faces several challenges, including limited technology, insufficient economic evaluation, and lack of standardized monitoring and policy. To increase the scale of the application of NbS in watershed management, future research should focus on improving model integration,remote sensing and data-driven monitoring technologies. Also unified evaluation standards should be established. Strengthening collaboration among different fields and standard policy will also be vital to realize the potential of NbS for sustainable watershed governance.
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