The Rate Capability Limitation in High-Energy-Density Lithium-Ion Batteries: Origins and Mitigation Strategies
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.62051/3ahh9k89Keywords:
Lithium-ion battery; high energy density; fast charging; electrode material; interface dynamics.Abstract
In the development of electric vehicles, the advancement of batteries is undoubtedly the most crucial aspect. There are two key indicators that are particularly important for the use of batteries, namely energy density and charging rate. They correspond respectively to the driving range of electric vehicles and the charging time. An excellent battery must possess both high energy density and high charging rate. However, electrode materials that provide high energy density (such as high-nickel positive electrodes and silicon-based negative electrodes) often come with poor rate performance and cycle stability. This leads to problems such as high temperatures during charging or short battery lifespan. This paper systematically analyzes the limiting mechanisms of each component of the battery (with a focus on the positive and negative electrodes) on rate performance, and reviews the latest material-level and system-level improvement strategies. Finally, it summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of existing technologies and looks forward to possible future research directions.
Downloads
References
[1] International Energy Agency (IEA). Global EV Outlook 2024. Paris: IEA, 2024.
[2] Schmuch, R., Wagner, R., Hörpel, G., Placke, T. & Winter, M. Performance and cost of materials for lithium-based rechargeable automotive batteries. Nature Energy, 2018, 3(4), 267-278.
[3] Liu, Y., Zhu, Y. & Cui, Y. Challenges and opportunities towards fast-charging battery materials. Nature Energy, 2019, 4(7), 540-550.
[4] Cheng, X.B., Zhang, R., Zhao, C.Z. & Zhang, Q. Toward safe lithium metal anode in rechargeable batteries: a review. Chemical Reviews, 2017, 117(15), 10403-10473.
[5] Li, W., Erickson, E.M. & Manthiram, A. High-nickel layered oxide cathodes for lithium-based automotive batteries. Nature Energy, 2020, 5(1), 26-34.
[6] Zhang, S.S. Problems and their origins of Ni-rich layered oxide cathode materials. Energy Storage Materials, 2020, 24, 247-254.
[7] Assegie, A.A., Cheng, J.H., Kuo, L.M., Su, W.N. & Hwang, B.J. Polyethylene oxide film coating enhances lithium cycling efficiency of an anode-free lithium-metal battery. Nanoscale, 2018, 10(13), 6125-6138.
[8] Shen, X., Zhang, X.Q., Ding, F., Huang, J.Q., Xu, R., Chen, X., Yan, C., Su, F.Y., Chen, C.M., Liu, X. & Zhang, Q. Advanced electrode materials in lithium batteries: retrospect and prospect. Energy Material Advances, 2021, 2021, 1205324.
[9] Nitta, N., Wu, F., Lee, J.T. & Yushin, G. Li-ion battery materials: present and future. Materials Today, 2015, 18(5), 252-264.
[10] Magasinski, A., Dixon, P., Hertzberg, B., Kvit, A., Ayala, J. & Yushin, G. High-performance lithium-ion anodes using a hierarchical bottom-up approach. Nature Materials, 2010, 9(4), 353-358.
[11] Sun, Y.-K., Myung, S.-T., Park, B.-C., Prakash, J., Belharouak, I. & Amine, K. Development of microsphere-shaped high-voltage and high-power lithium nickel manganese spinel cathode materials. Nature Materials, 2009, 8(4), 320-324.
[12] Lee, H., Yanilmaz, M., Toprakci, O., Fu, K. & Zhang, X. A review of recent developments in membrane separators for rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. Energy & Environmental Science, 2014. 7(12), 3857-3886.
[13] Huang, X., Hitt, J. et al. Lithium-ion battery separators based on electrospun PVDF-based fibrous membranes. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 2015, 7(23), 12673-12678.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Transactions on Environment, Energy and Earth Sciences
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
